1 Kings — Chapter 11

1 But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites;
2 Of the nations concerning which the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall not go in to them, neither shall they come in unto you: for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods: Solomon clave unto these in love.
3 And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines: and his wives turned away his heart.
4 For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as was the heart of David his father.
5 For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites.
6 And Solomon did evil in the sight of the LORD, and went not fully after the LORD, as did David his father.
7 Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon.
8 And likewise did he for all his strange wives, which burnt incense and sacrificed unto their gods.
9 And the LORD was angry with Solomon, because his heart was turned from the LORD God of Israel, which had appeared unto him twice,
10 And had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods: but he kept not that which the LORD commanded.
11 Wherefore the LORD said unto Solomon, Forasmuch as this is done of thee, and thou hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded thee, I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant.
12 Notwithstanding in thy days I will not do it for David thy father's sake: but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son.
13 Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom; but will give one tribe to thy son for David my servant's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake which I have chosen.
14 And the LORD stirred up an adversary unto Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he was of the king's seed in Edom.
15 For it came to pass, when David was in Edom, and Joab the captain of the host was gone up to bury the slain, after he had smitten every male in Edom;
16 (For six months did Joab remain there with all Israel, until he had cut off every male in Edom:)
17 That Hadad fled, he and certain Edomites of his father's servants with him, to go into Egypt; Hadad being yet a little child.
18 And they arose out of Midian, and came to Paran: and they took men with them out of Paran, and they came to Egypt, unto Pharaoh king of Egypt; which gave him an house, and appointed him victuals, and gave him land.
19 And Hadad found great favour in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he gave him to wife the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tahpenes the queen.
20 And the sister of Tahpenes bare him Genubath his son, whom Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh's house: and Genubath was in Pharaoh's household among the sons of Pharaoh.
21 And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country.
22 Then Pharaoh said unto him, But what hast thou lacked with me, that, behold, thou seekest to go to thine own country? And he answered, Nothing: howbeit let me go in any wise.
23 And God stirred him up another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliadah, which fled from his lord Hadadezer king of Zobah:
24 And he gathered men unto him, and became captain over a band, when David slew them of Zobah: and they went to Damascus, and dwelt therein, and reigned in Damascus.
25 And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did: and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Syria.
26 And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite of Zereda, Solomon's servant, whose mother's name was Zeruah, a widow woman, even he lifted up his hand against the king.
27 And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king: Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of David his father.
28 And the man Jeroboam was a mighty man of valour: and Solomon seeing the young man that he was industrious, he made him ruler over all the charge of the house of Joseph.
29 And it came to pass at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, that the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite found him in the way; and he had clad himself with a new garment; and they two were alone in the field:
30 And Ahijah caught the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces:
31 And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee:
32 (But he shall have one tribe for my servant David's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake, the city which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel:)
33 Because that they have forsaken me, and have worshipped Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the children of Ammon, and have not walked in my ways, to do that which is right in mine eyes, and to keep my statutes and my judgments, as did David his father.
34 Howbeit I will not take the whole kingdom out of his hand: but I will make him prince all the days of his life for David my servant's sake, whom I chose, because he kept my commandments and my statutes:
35 But I will take the kingdom out of his son's hand, and will give it unto thee, even ten tribes.
36 And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant may have a light alway before me in Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen me to put my name there.
37 And I will take thee, and thou shalt reign according to all that thy soul desireth, and shalt be king over Israel.
38 And it shall be, if thou wilt hearken unto all that I command thee, and wilt walk in my ways, and do that is right in my sight, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as David my servant did; that I will be with thee, and build thee a sure house, as I built for David, and will give Israel unto thee.
39 And I will for this afflict the seed of David, but not for ever.
40 Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam. And Jeroboam arose, and fled into Egypt, unto Shishak king of Egypt, and was in Egypt until the death of Solomon.
41 And the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and his wisdom, are they not written in the book of the acts of Solomon?
42 And the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel was forty years.
43 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead.
Abrahamic Catechism
Bible Study
1 Kings — Chapter 11
◈ Zohar

• The Zohar (II, 103b) identifies Solomon's love of many foreign women as the catastrophic breach in his spiritual armor — each wife from a forbidden nation carrying within her the spiritual DNA of that nation's patron demon. The 613 mitzvot that had sealed Solomon as invincible required total observance; violating the prohibition against intermarriage was not a minor infraction but the dismantling of the primary defensive perimeter. The Sitra Achra had been patient, waiting for exactly this crack.

• The Zohar (III, 77b) teaches that when Solomon's wives turned his heart after other gods, the incense he offered to Ashteroth and Milcom created reverse-channels — conduits that had once carried holiness now pumping the Sitra Achra's influence directly into the palace. Chemosh and Molech, whose high places Solomon built on the Mount of Olives, established enemy outposts within sight of the Temple itself. The cosmic irony is devastating: the king who had commanded demons now served their interests.

• The tearing of the kingdom, announced through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam, is analyzed in Zohar (II, 188a) as the fragmentation of the Sefirot — specifically, the violent separation of Gevurah from Chesed, splitting the nation into two incomplete halves. The ten tribes given to Jeroboam represent the ten Sefirot in their broken, un-unified state, while the one tribe left to David's house is Malkhut alone, barely sustained. This is the Zohar's paradigm for what happens when the Tzaddik-king betrays his mission.

• Hadad the Edomite, Rezon of Damascus, and Jeroboam are identified in Tikkunei Zohar (Tikkun 6, 21b) as three agents of the Sitra Achra activated simultaneously — adversaries (satanim) raised by God as instruments of divine judgment but empowered by the Other Side's newly regained access. They represent the three klipot that assault the three pillars of the Sefirotic tree: Hadad attacking Chesed (from Edom/Gevurah's domain), Rezon attacking Tiferet (the center), and Jeroboam attacking Malkhut (the kingdom itself).

• The Zohar (I, 198a) mourns that Solomon's death marked the end of the era when the moon (Malkhut/Shekhinah) was at its fullness — from this point forward, the moon would wane, and the Sitra Achra would progressively reclaim territory lost during Solomon's golden age. The forty years of his reign correspond to the forty-day period of fullness, after which the inevitable diminishment begins. The spiritual armor of the nation, once seamless, was now permanently cracked.

✦ Talmud

• Sanhedrin 21b records explicitly: "Why were the reasons of the Torah not revealed? Because in two verses the reasons are given and the greatest of men stumbled." Solomon's 700 wives and 300 concubines violate the explicit warning against multiplied wives "lest his heart be turned away" — the Sitra Achra's patient strategy of exploiting the tzaddik's appetites finally succeeds.

• Avodah Zarah 44a records that idolatry is the single sin for which God will not forgive a generation that embraces it nationally. Solomon builds high places for Chemosh (Molech's cousin) and Ashtoreth — precisely the Ezekiel 28 dynamic: the visible human avatar (Solomon) becomes the instrument of second-heaven principalities (the gods of Moab, Ammon, Sidon) who claim territorial jurisdiction.

• Sanhedrin 104a records that four kings lost their portion in the world to come; Solomon is debated among the sages. His apostasy is not personal moral failure alone — it is a cosmic catastrophe, a breach in the anti-demonic armor of the nation that allows the Sitra Achra to begin dismantling everything his father David built.

• Gittin 68a records that Solomon lost his wisdom and kingship temporarily — a demon named Ashmedai impersonated him — as a consequence of his hubris. The final apostasy of chapter 11 is the spiritual completion of that earlier pattern: Solomon who mastered demons becomes subject to them, the supreme warning against the tzaddik who abandons the mitzvot as armor.

• Berakhot 10a records Hezekiah's praise: "One should never despair of divine mercy." Even here, God limits the judgment "for David thy father's sake" and defers the kingdom's division. The merit of the prior tzaddik functions as a shield against the full execution of demonic victory — David's accumulated righteousness buys time against the Sitra Achra's destruction agenda.