Jeremiah — Chapter 38

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1 Then Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, heard the words that Jeremiah had spoken unto all the people, saying,
2 Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his life for a prey, and shall live.
3 Thus saith the LORD, This city shall surely be given into the hand of the king of Babylon's army, which shall take it.
4 Therefore the princes said unto the king, We beseech thee, let this man be put to death: for thus he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words unto them: for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but the hurt.
5 Then Zedekiah the king said, Behold, he is in your hand: for the king is not he that can do any thing against you.
6 Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of Malchiah the son of Hammelech, that was in the court of the prison: and they let down Jeremiah with cords. And in the dungeon there was no water, but mire: so Jeremiah sunk in the mire.
7 Now when Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, one of the eunuchs which was in the king's house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the dungeon; the king then sitting in the gate of Benjamin;
8 Ebedmelech went forth out of the king's house, and spake to the king, saying,
9 My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon; and he is like to die for hunger in the place where he is: for there is no more bread in the city.
10 Then the king commanded Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, Take from hence thirty men with thee, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out of the dungeon, before he die.
11 So Ebedmelech took the men with him, and went into the house of the king under the treasury, and took thence old cast clouts and old rotten rags, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah.
12 And Ebedmelech the Ethiopian said unto Jeremiah, Put now these old cast clouts and rotten rags under thine armholes under the cords. And Jeremiah did so.
13 So they drew up Jeremiah with cords, and took him up out of the dungeon: and Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison.
14 Then Zedekiah the king sent, and took Jeremiah the prophet unto him into the third entry that is in the house of the LORD: and the king said unto Jeremiah, I will ask thee a thing; hide nothing from me.
15 Then Jeremiah said unto Zedekiah, If I declare it unto thee, wilt thou not surely put me to death? and if I give thee counsel, wilt thou not hearken unto me?
16 So Zedekiah the king sware secretly unto Jeremiah, saying, As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I will not put thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of these men that seek thy life.
17 Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; If thou wilt assuredly go forth unto the king of Babylon's princes, then thy soul shall live, and this city shall not be burned with fire; and thou shalt live, and thine house:
18 But if thou wilt not go forth to the king of Babylon's princes, then shall this city be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and thou shalt not escape out of their hand.
19 And Zedekiah the king said unto Jeremiah, I am afraid of the Jews that are fallen to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their hand, and they mock me.
20 But Jeremiah said, They shall not deliver thee. Obey, I beseech thee, the voice of the LORD, which I speak unto thee: so it shall be well unto thee, and thy soul shall live.
21 But if thou refuse to go forth, this is the word that the LORD hath shewed me:
22 And, behold, all the women that are left in the king of Judah's house shall be brought forth to the king of Babylon's princes, and those women shall say, Thy friends have set thee on, and have prevailed against thee: thy feet are sunk in the mire, and they are turned away back.
23 So they shall bring out all thy wives and thy children to the Chaldeans: and thou shalt not escape out of their hand, but shalt be taken by the hand of the king of Babylon: and thou shalt cause this city to be burned with fire.
24 Then said Zedekiah unto Jeremiah, Let no man know of these words, and thou shalt not die.
25 But if the princes hear that I have talked with thee, and they come unto thee, and say unto thee, Declare unto us now what thou hast said unto the king, hide it not from us, and we will not put thee to death; also what the king said unto thee:
26 Then thou shalt say unto them, I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan's house, to die there.
27 Then came all the princes unto Jeremiah, and asked him: and he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they left off speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived.
28 So Jeremiah abode in the court of the prison until the day that Jerusalem was taken: and he was there when Jerusalem was taken.
Abrahamic Catechism
Bible Study
Jeremiah — Chapter 38
◈ Zohar

• Jeremiah is lowered into the muddy cistern to die, and the Zohar (II, 5b) reads this as the prophet's descent into the deepest Klipotic realm while still alive — a prefiguring of the Shekhinah's descent into exile. The cistern is the physical analog of the Zohar's "depth of the shells" (omek haklipot), where the holy spark is surrounded by mud (the densest form of Klipotic matter) and left to suffocate. Yet even here, divine providence sends a rescuer.

• Ebed-Melech the Ethiopian eunuch rescues Jeremiah, and the Zohar (I, 168a) identifies him as a "righteous gentile" — a soul whose spark of holiness originates outside Israel's sefiratic structure but responds to the divine imperative to protect the Tzaddik. The Zohar teaches that in times of extreme crisis, when Israel's own leaders have failed, God activates agents from among the nations to perform the rescue mission. The Sitra Achra does not expect interference from this quarter.

• The detail that Ebed-Melech brings old rags and worn-out clothes to cushion the ropes (v. 12) is the Zohar's teaching on the sacredness of small acts during spiritual emergencies (Zohar I, 201b). The rags are worthless by worldly measure, but in the spiritual realm, this act of kindness generates a merit that will save Ebed-Melech's life during the fall of Jerusalem. The Sitra Achra ignores small kindnesses; the Holy One counts them with infinite precision.

• Zedekiah's final secret meeting with Jeremiah (v. 14-28) is the last opportunity for the king to align himself with the divine decree and survive. The Zohar (II, 103b) teaches that Zedekiah was offered the choice that every ruler eventually faces: submit to the word of the prophet and lose face, or reject it and lose everything. The king's fear of mockery by those who had already deserted (v. 19) reveals that the Sitra Achra held him captive through the pettiest of chains — social shame.

• "But if you do not go out to the officials of the king of Babylon, this city shall be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and you shall not escape" (v. 18). The Zohar (I, 178b) reads this as the absolute final offer from the supernal court — the last moment at which the judgment can be mitigated. After this refusal, the decree is sealed with the seal of Keter, and no power in any world can alter it. The Sitra Achra has won the immediate battle because the king chose pride over survival.

✦ Talmud

• Sanhedrin 104a discusses the attempted murder of Jeremiah, and the princes who cast him into the cistern of Malchijah — where he sank in the mud — is the Sitra Achra's near-completion of its assassination campaign. The mire at the bottom of the cistern is the Other Side's attempt to swallow the prophet alive. The cistern mirrors the pit where Joseph was thrown — the righteous descend into the belly of the earth but are extracted.

• Berakhot 10a discusses unlikely saviors, and Ebed-Melech the Ethiopian's rescue of Jeremiah — going to the king, securing permission, pulling the prophet out with old rags and worn-out clothes as cushions for the ropes — reveals God's rescue agent embedded in the enemy's household. The Sitra Achra overlooked a foreign servant; God deployed that servant as the extraction team. The cushioned ropes are a detail of tenderness in a narrative of brutality.

• Shabbat 56b discusses the moral courage of individuals, and Ebed-Melech's public challenge to the king — "My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet" — names the evil directly in the royal court. The Sitra Achra relies on silence from witnesses; Ebed-Melech breaks the silence. One voice, one foreigner, one servant overturns the conspiracy of princes.

• Yoma 86a discusses Zedekiah's fatal indecision, and the king's secret night meeting with Jeremiah — "I will ask you something; hide nothing from me" — reveals a ruler who knows the truth but lacks the courage to act on it. The Sitra Achra does not need to prevent kings from hearing truth; it only needs to prevent them from acting on truth. Zedekiah heard everything Jeremiah said and did nothing.

• Megillah 14a discusses the promise to Ebed-Melech, and God's personal guarantee — "I will deliver you in that day, and you shall not be given into the hand of the men of whom you are afraid" — rewards the Ethiopian's courage with specific, named protection. The Sitra Achra's system requires that those who oppose it be destroyed; God's system requires that those who rescue His prophets be rescued themselves.