Judges — Chapter 9

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1 And Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem unto his mother's brethren, and communed with them, and with all the family of the house of his mother's father, saying,
2 Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether is better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, which are threescore and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I am your bone and your flesh.
3 And his mother's brethren spake of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, He is our brother.
4 And they gave him threescore and ten pieces of silver out of the house of Baalberith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain and light persons, which followed him.
5 And he went unto his father's house at Ophrah, and slew his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, being threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself.
6 And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house of Millo, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar that was in Shechem.
7 And when they told it to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you.
8 The trees went forth on a time to anoint a king over them; and they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou over us.
9 But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?
10 And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, and reign over us.
11 But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees?
12 Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, and reign over us.
13 And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?
14 Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, and reign over us.
15 And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, then come and put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.
16 Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his hands;
17 (For my father fought for you, and adventured his life far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:
18 And ye are risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he is your brother;)
19 If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice ye in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you:
20 But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech.
21 And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there, for fear of Abimelech his brother.
22 When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,
23 Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech:
24 That the cruelty done to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them; and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his brethren.
25 And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech.
26 And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him.
27 And they went out into the fields, and gathered their vineyards, and trode the grapes, and made merry, and went into the house of their god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech.
28 And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him?
29 And would to God this people were under my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said to Abimelech, Increase thine army, and come out.
30 And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.
31 And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify the city against thee.
32 Now therefore up by night, thou and the people that is with thee, and lie in wait in the field:
33 And it shall be, that in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon the city: and, behold, when he and the people that is with him come out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find occasion.
34 And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies.
35 And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people that were with him, from lying in wait.
36 And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.
37 And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim.
38 Then said Zebul unto him, Where is now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? is not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.
39 And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech.
40 And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many were overthrown and wounded, even unto the entering of the gate.
41 And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah: and Zebul thrust out Gaal and his brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem.
42 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech.
43 And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people were come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them.
44 And Abimelech, and the company that was with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and the two other companies ran upon all the people that were in the fields, and slew them.
45 And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that was therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.
46 And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard that, they entered into an hold of the house of the god Berith.
47 And it was told Abimelech, that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together.
48 And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid it on his shoulder, and said unto the people that were with him, What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done.
49 And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put them to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.
50 Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and took it.
51 But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut it to them, and gat them up to the top of the tower.
52 And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fought against it, and went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire.
53 And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull.
54 Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died.
55 And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed every man unto his place.
56 Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren:
57 And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.
Abrahamic Catechism
Bible Study
Judges — Chapter 9
◈ Zohar

• Abimelech, the son of Gideon's concubine, murdering his seventy brothers on one stone is the Sitra Achra seizing power through the bloodline of a Tzaddik. The Zohar (I, 54b) teaches that the Klipot specifically target the offspring of the righteous, knowing that holy lineage carries enormous spiritual potential — potential that, if corrupted, becomes the most powerful weapon in the Other Side's arsenal.

• Jotham's parable of the trees — the olive, fig, and vine refusing kingship while the thornbush accepts — is a Zoharic allegory of the Sefirot. The Zohar (II, 107a) identifies the olive with Chokhmah, the fig with Binah, and the vine with Tiferet. The productive Sefirot refuse to descend into political power; only the thornbush (the lowest Klipah, producing nothing, inflicting only pain) seeks to rule. Tyranny is the governance of the thorn.

• Abimelech's three-year reign and the "evil spirit" sent between him and the men of Shechem demonstrates divine use of the Sitra Achra against itself. The Zohar (II, 163a) teaches that God sometimes sends a spirit of discord (ruach ra'ah) to dissolve alliances built on sin. The Klipot's coalitions are inherently unstable because they are founded on self-interest; God merely accelerates the inevitable dissolution.

• The destruction of the tower of Shechem by fire — Abimelech burning the lords of Shechem alive — fulfills the curse of Jotham: the thornbush burns those who sought its shade. The Zohar (III, 292a) identifies fire with the judgment of Gevurah operating through the Sitra Achra. When the Klipot turn their own weapon (fire/harsh judgment) on those who empowered them, the cycle of impurity consumes itself.

• Abimelech's death by a millstone dropped by a woman from a tower wall echoes Jael's killing of Sisera — the feminine force destroying the Sitra Achra's champion. The Zohar (III, 272b) teaches that the Klipot perpetually underestimate the power that operates through apparent weakness. The millstone — an instrument for grinding grain, the most domestic of tools — becomes the weapon of judgment. Abimelech's request that his armor-bearer finish him (to avoid the shame of death by a woman) shows the Klipah's final vanity.

✦ Talmud

• Sanhedrin 105a discusses Abimelech, Gideon's son by a concubine, who murdered his seventy brothers and declared himself king at Shechem. The Talmud treats Abimelech as the first case of the Ezekiel 28 paradigm in the Judges period — a human grasping for power that belongs to God alone. His illegitimate seizure of authority through fratricide marks the deepest point of the apostasy cycle thus far.

• Sanhedrin 7a records Jotham's parable of the trees seeking a king, in which the olive, fig, and vine refuse the throne and only the worthless bramble accepts. The Talmud reads this as a prophetic teaching about the nature of tyranny: capable leaders refuse power while only the unworthy grasp for it. The bramble's threat to burn the cedars of Lebanon with fire foreshadows Abimelech's destruction of Shechem.

• Sotah 9b applies the principle of "measure for measure" to Abimelech's story: he murdered his brothers on one stone, and he was killed by a woman dropping a millstone on his head. The Talmud notes that he begged his armor-bearer to finish him so that history would not record that a woman killed him. The sages read this as the Sitra Achra's final vanity — even in death, the tyrant cares only about reputation.

• Gittin 57a discusses the destruction of Shechem by Abimelech, noting that the city's own citizens who had supported his rise to power were the first victims of his violence. The Talmud derives the principle that those who elevate a tyrant become his first targets. The Shechemites' alliance with Abimelech against Gideon's legitimate sons was a devil's bargain that consumed the bargainers.

• Sanhedrin 46a records that Jotham's curse — "Let fire come out from Abimelech and devour the men of Shechem" — was fulfilled literally, with Abimelech burning the tower of Shechem with its thousand occupants. The Talmud treats prophetic curses as operative forces, not mere rhetoric. The passage demonstrates that the apostasy cycle produces increasingly violent consequences with each iteration.